Awards Plaque All Quiet on the Western Front Art Deco
| All Repose on the Western Front | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster by Karoly Grosz[ane] | |
| Directed by | Lewis Milestone |
| Written by |
|
| Based on | All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque |
| Produced by | Carl Laemmle Jr. |
| Starring | Lew Ayres Louis Wolheim |
| Cinematography | Arthur Edeson |
| Edited by | Edgar Adams Milton Carruth (silent version, uncredited)[ii] |
| Music by | David Broekman |
| Production | Universal Studios |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release engagement |
|
| Running time | 152 minutes[two] 133 minutes (restored) |
| Land | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1.2 one thousand thousand[three] |
| Box role | $1,634,001 (U.s.a. rentals)[four] $three 1000000[v] (worldwide rentals) |
All Quiet on the Western Front end is a 1930 American epic pre-Code anti-war film based on the 1929 Erich Maria Remarque novel of the same name. Directed past Lewis Milestone, it stars Louis Wolheim, Lew Ayres, John Wray, Arnold Lucy and Ben Alexander. It is the starting time Best Picture winner based on a novel.
All Tranquillity on the Western Front opened to broad acclaim in the United States. Considered a realistic and harrowing business relationship of warfare in World War I, information technology fabricated the American Film Establish's outset 100 Years...100 Movies list in 1997. A decade later, after the same arrangement polled over 1,501 workers in the creative community, All Tranquillity on the Western Front end was ranked the seventh-best American epic film.[6] [7] In 1991, the flick was selected and preserved by the U.s. Library of Congress' National Film Registry as existence deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[viii] [9] The picture show was the commencement to win the Academy Awards for both Outstanding Production and Best Director.
Its sequel, The Road Dorsum (1936), portrays members of the 2nd Company returning domicile after the war.
Plot [edit]
Professor Kantorek gives an impassioned speech nigh the celebrity of serving in the Army and "saving the Fatherland". On the brink of becoming men, the boys in his course, led by Paul Bäumer, are moved to bring together the army every bit the new 2d Company. Their romantic delusions are quickly broken during their brief but rigorous training nether the abusive Corporal Himmelstoss, who bluntly informs them, "Y'all're going to be soldiers—and that'due south all."
The new soldiers arrive by railroad train at the combat zone, which is mayhem, with soldiers everywhere, incoming shells, equus caballus-drawn wagons racing about, and prolonged rain. One in the group is killed before the recruits tin can attain their post, to the alarm of one of the new soldiers (Behn). The new soldiers are assigned to a unit equanimous of older soldiers, who are not exactly all-around.
The young soldiers find that there is no nutrient available at the moment. They take not eaten since breakfast, merely the men they accept joined take not had food for two days. One of them, "Kat" Katczinsky, had gone to locate something to eat, and he returns with a slaughtered grunter he has stolen from a field kitchen. The young soldiers "pay" for their dinner with soaps and cigarettes.
The recruits' first trip to the trenches with the veterans, to re-cord barbed wire, is a harrowing experience, especially when Behn is blinded past shrapnel and hysterically runs into motorcar-gun fire. After spending several days in a bunker under bombardment, they finally motion into the trenches and successfully repulse an enemy attack; they and so counterattack and take an enemy trench with heavy casualties only have to abandon it. They are sent back to the field kitchens to get their rations; each man receives double helpings, simply because of the number of dead.
All Serenity on the Western Front moving-picture show advert with book cover art in The Motion picture Daily, 1929
They hear that they are to return to the front end the next 24-hour interval and begin a semi-serious discussion about the causes of the war and of wars in full general. They speculate about whether geographical entities offend each other and whether these disagreements involve them. Tjaden speaks familiarly about himself and the Kaiser; Kat jokes that instead of having a state of war, the leaders of Europe should be stripped to their underwear and fabricated to "fight information technology out with clubs".
1 day, Corporal Himmelstoss arrives at the front and is immediately spurned because of his bad reputation. He is forced to get over the top with the 2nd Visitor and is promptly killed. In an assault on a cemetery, Paul stabs a French soldier but finds himself trapped in a hole with the dying man for an unabridged night. He desperately tries to assistance him throughout the night, bringing him h2o but fails to end him from dying. He cries bitterly and begs the dead trunk to speak and then he can exist forgiven. Later, he returns to the German lines and is comforted past Kat.
Going back to the front line, Paul is severely wounded and taken to a Catholic hospital, along with his good friend Albert Kropp. Kropp'due south leg is amputated, but he does not notice out until some time afterward. Around this time, Paul is taken to the bandaging ward, from which, according to its reputation, nobody has ever returned live. All the same, he later returns to the normal rooms triumphantly, only to find Kropp in depression.
Paul is given a furlough and visits his family at abode. He is shocked by how uninformed everyone is nigh the war'due south bodily state of affairs; everyone is convinced that a concluding "button for Paris" is soon to occur. When Paul visits the schoolroom where he was originally recruited, he finds Professor Kantorek prattling the same patriotic fervor to a class of even younger students. Professor Kantorek asks Paul to detail his experience, at which the latter reveals that war was not at all like he had envisioned and mentions the deaths of his partners.
This revelation upsets the professor, as well as the young students who promptly call Paul a "coward". Disillusioned and aroused, Paul returns to the front and comes upon another 2nd Visitor filled with new young recruits who are now disillusioned; he is then happily greeted past Tjaden. He goes to observe Kat, and they discuss the people's disability to comprehend the futility of the war. Kat's shin is cleaved when a flop dropped past an aircraft falls nearby, so Paul carries him back to a field hospital, only to find that a second explosion has killed Kat. Crushed past the loss of his mentor, Paul leaves.
In the final scene, Paul is back on the front line. He sees a butterfly merely beyond his trench. Smiling, he reaches out for the butterfly. While reaching, however, he is shot and killed past an enemy sniper. The final sequence shows the 2nd Company arriving at the front end for the first time, fading out to the image of a cemetery.
Bandage [edit]
- Lew Ayres as Paul Bäumer
- Louis Wolheim every bit Stanislaus Katczinsky
- John Wray as Himmelstoss
- Arnold Lucy every bit Professor Kantorek
- Ben Alexander as Franz Kemmerich
- Scott Kolk as Leer
- Owen Davis, Jr. equally Peter
- William Bakewell as Albert Kropp
- Russell Gleason as Müller
- Richard Alexander as Westhus
- Harold Goodwin as Detering
- Slim Summerville as Tjaden
- Walter Browne Rogers as Behn
- G. Pat Collins every bit Lieutenant Bertinck
- Edmund Breese every bit Herr Meyer, the Stammtisch speaker
- Beryl Mercer equally Frau Bäumer, Paul's female parent
- Marion Clayton as Erna, Paul's sister (uncredited)
- Heinie Conklin as Joseph Hammacher (uncredited)
- Bertha Isle of man every bit Sister Libertine, nurse (uncredited)
- Raymond Griffith equally the killed French soldier (uncredited)
- William Irving every bit Ginger, the army cook (uncredited)
- Yola d'Avril as Suzanne (uncredited)
- Edwin Maxwell as Herr Bäumer (uncredited)
- Bodil Rosing as Mother of hospital patient (uncredited)
- Maurice Spud equally Soldier (uncredited)
- Arthur Gardner as classroom student (uncredited) (at the time of his death in December 2014, he was the last surviving member of the cast or crew)
Production [edit]
In the film, Paul is shot while reaching for a butterfly. This scene is unlike from the book, and was inspired past an earlier scene showing a butterfly collection in Paul's habitation. The scene was shot during the editing phase, and then the actors were no longer bachelor and Milestone had to use his own hand equally Paul'southward.
Noted comedienne ZaSu Pitts was originally cast as Paul's mother and completed the film but preview audiences, used to seeing her in comic roles, laughed when she appeared onscreen so Milestone re-shot her scenes with Beryl Mercer earlier the moving-picture show was released. The preview audience remains the merely 1 who saw Pitts in the role, although she does appear for about 30 seconds in the moving-picture show's original preview trailer.
The film was shot with ii cameras side by side, with i negative edited as a sound motion picture and the other edited as an "International Sound Version" for distribution in not-English speaking areas.
A cracking number of German Army veterans were living in Los Angeles at the time of filming and were recruited as chip players and technical directorate. Around 2,000 extras were utilized during product.[10] Amongst them was future director Fred Zinnemann (Loftier Noon, From Hither to Eternity, A Homo for All Seasons, Julia), who was fired for impudence.
Releases [edit]
The original international Audio Version of the film, lasting 152 minutes,[2] was start shown in Los Angeles on April 21, 1930, and premiered in New York on Apr 25, 1930.[11] This version has intertitles and a synchronized music and effects runway. A sound version with dialogue was released in NYC on April 29, 1930. A 147-minute version was submitted to the British censors, which was cut to 145 minutes[12] [13] before the film premiered in London June 14, 1930.[11] The motion picture went on general release in the Us on August 24, 1930.[two] The sound version was re-released in 1939, though cut downwardly to ten reels.[2]
On its initial release, Variety wrote:[fourteen]
The League of Nations could brand no better investment than to purchase upward the chief-impress, reproduce it in every language, to be shown in all the nations until the give-and-take "war" is taken out of the dictionaries.
Some of the credit for the motion-picture show's success has been ascribed to the direction of Lewis Milestone:
Without diluting or denying any ... criticisms, it should exist said that from World War I to Korea, Milestone could put the viewer into the middle of a battlefield, and brand the hellish defoliation of it seem all likewise real to the viewer. Steven Spielberg noted as much when he credited Milestone'south work as partial inspiration for Saving Private Ryan ... Lewis Milestone made meaning contributions to [the genre of] the state of war picture.[15]
Later re-releases were substantially cut and the picture show's ending scored with new music against the wishes of director Lewis Milestone.[16] Before he died in 1980, Milestone requested that Universal fully restore the film with the removal of the end music cue. Two decades subsequently, Milestone's wishes were finally granted when the United states of america Library of Congress undertook an exhaustive restoration of the motion-picture show in 2006. This version incorporates all known surviving footage and is 133 minutes long.[13]
Home video [edit]
Various edited versions have been distributed on video, including a Japanese subtitled Laserdisc with a running time of 103 minutes. The US Laserdisc from 1987 and the kickoff U.s. DVD, released in 1999, utilise the same unrestored 131-infinitesimal British release print. Since 2007, there take been numerous international releases of the 2006 Library of Congress restoration on DVD and Blu-ray.[17] The latter format additionally contains a 133-minute restoration of the international sound version, albeit mislabelled as the "silent version".[18]
Reception [edit]
Critical response [edit]
17 London papers go wild! All Quiet on the Western Front ad from The Film Daily, 1930
All Placidity on the Western Front received tremendous praise in the United States. In the New York Daily News, Irene Thirer wrote: "It smack [sic] of directional genius—nix short of this; sensitive performances past a marvelous bandage and the most remarkable photographic camera piece of work which has been performed on either silent or sound screen, circular virtually the Hollywood studios. [...] We accept praise for anybody concerned with this picture."[xix] Multifariousness lauded information technology as a "harrowing, gruesome, morbid tale of state of war, then compelling in its realism, bigness and repulsiveness".[xiv]
In a retrospective review, American film critic Pauline Kael commented, "The twelvemonth 1930 was, of form, a good year for pacifism, which e'er flourishes betwixt wars; Milestone didn't make pacifist films during the Second Globe State of war—nor did everyone else working in Hollywood. And wasn't it perhaps easier to make All Quiet simply because its heroes were High german? War e'er seems like a tragic waste when told from the point of view of the losers."[20]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 97% based on 77 reviews, with an average rating of 9.two/10. The site's critics' consensus reads: "Director Lewis Milestone's brilliant anti-war polemic, headlined by an unforgettable performance from Lew Ayres, lays bare the tragic foolishness at the heart of war."[21] On Metacritic, the film has a Metascore of 91 based on 16 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[22]
Controversy and bannings [edit]
However, controversy would attend the flick's subject matter elsewhere. Due to its anti-war and perceived anti-German messages, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Political party opposed the film. During and after its High german premiere in Berlin on December 4, 1930, Nazi brownshirts under the control of Joseph Goebbels disrupted the viewings past setting off stink bombs, throwing sneezing powder in the air and releasing white mice in the theaters, eventually escalating to attacking audience members perceived to be Jewish and forcing projectors to shut down. They repeatedly yelled out "Judenfilm!" ("Jewish film!") while doing this. Goebbels wrote almost i such disruption in his personal diary.[23] [24] The Nazi campaign was successful and German language authorities outlawed the film on December xi, 1930. A heavily cut version was briefly immune in 1931, before the Nazis came to power in 1933 and the film was outlawed again. The film was finally re-released in Germany on April 25, 1952, in the Capitol Theatre in Due west Berlin.
Between 1930 and 1941, this was one of many films to be banned in Victoria, Australia, on the ground of 'pacifism', past the Primary Conscience Creswell O'Reilly.[25] Withal, it was said to enjoy "a long and successful run" in other states, though the volume was banned nationally.[26] The film was also banned in Italy and Republic of austria in 1931, with the prohibition officially raised but in the 1980s, and in French republic up to 1963.[27]
Awards and honors [edit]
1929–1930 Academy Awards
| Category | Receptor | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Outstanding Product | Universal (Carl Laemmle Jr., Producer) | Won |
| All-time Director | Lewis Milestone | Won |
| Best Writing | George Abbott, Maxwell Anderson and Del Andrews | Nominated |
| Best Cinematography | Arthur Edeson | Nominated |
It was the offset talkie war film to win Oscars.
Other wins:
- 1930 Photoplay Medal of Honor – Carl Laemmle Jr.
- 1931 Kinema Junpo Award for Best Foreign Linguistic communication Film – Sound to Lewis Milestone
- 1990 National Picture show Registry
American Film Institute recognition
- 100 Years...100 Movies – #54
- 100 Years...100 Movies (tenth Anniversary Edition) – Nominated
- AFI's 10 Top 10 – #vii ballsy moving picture
- AFI'southward 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes
- "And our bodies are earth. And our thoughts are clay. And we sleep and swallow with death." – Nominated.
Come across as well [edit]
- All Quiet on the Western Front (1979 motion picture)
- List of World War I films
References [edit]
- ^ Nourmand, Tony (2013). 100 Movie Posters: The Essential Collection. London: Reel Fine art Press. pp. 276–277. ISBN978-0-9572610-8-2.
- ^ a b c d e f All Quiet on the Western Front at the American Movie Constitute Catalog
- ^ Box Office Information for All Quiet on the Western Forepart, Box Function Mojo; retrieved April 13, 2012.
- ^ "All-Time Movie Rental Champs". Diverseness. October fifteen, 1990. p. M150.
- ^ All Quiet on the Western Forepart, Overview Archived March 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Picture show Guy 24/seven. Retrieved April fourteen, 2013
- ^ American Movie Institute (June 17, 2008). "AFI Crowns Top x Films in 11 Archetype Genres". ComingSoon.net. Archived from the original on June xix, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- ^ "Acme x Ballsy". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved June thirteen, 2008.
- ^ Gamarekian, Barbara; Times, Special To the New York (October 19, 1990). "Library of Congress Adds 25 Titles to National Film Registry". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May xviii, 2020.
- ^ "Complete National Film Registry Listing | Film Registry | National Film Preservation Board | Programs at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA . Retrieved May xviii, 2020.
- ^ TCM Notes
- ^ a b IMDb: All Quiet on the Western Forepart - Release Info Linked March 24, 2014
- ^ "All Tranquillity on the Western Front end (1930)". BBFC.
- ^ a b IMDb: All Tranquility on the Western Front - Technical Specifications Linked March 24, 2014
- ^ a b "Review: 'All Quiet on the Western Front end'". Variety. May 7, 1930. Retrieved February iii, 2017.
- ^ Mayo, Mike: State of war Movies: Classic Conflict on Film, Visible Ink Press, 1999
- ^ American Motion-picture show Classics' segments on film preservation that aired in the mid-1990s.
- ^ "All Tranquillity on the Western Forepart (1930) DVD comparison". DVDCompare.
- ^ "All Serenity on the Western Front end (1930) Blu-ray comparison". DVDCompare.
- ^ Thirer, Irene (April 30, 1930). "Raging war and soldiers struggle back dwelling house in 'All Tranquillity on the Western Front': 1930 review". New York Daily News . Retrieved Feb 3, 2017.
- ^ Kael, Pauline (1991). 5001 Nights at the Movies. New York, N.Y.: Picador. p. 18. ISBN978-0-8050-1367-2 . Retrieved July 12, 2021.
- ^ "All Repose on the Western Front end (1930)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- ^ "All Tranquility on the Western Front Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
- ^ David Mikies "Hollywood'south Creepy Honey Affair With Adolf Hitler, in Explosive New Detail", Tablet, June 10, 2013
- ^ Sauer, Patrick (June sixteen, 2015). "The Most Loved and Hated Novel Almost World State of war I". Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Establishment. Retrieved July ane, 2019.
- ^ Higham, Charles. Select Listing of Banned Films in "Film censorship: the untold story". The Bulletin, November xx, 1965, p.18.
- ^ "Sydney Letter". The Cessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder. Vol. eighteen, no. 1548. New South Wales, Australia. September 12, 1930. p. 6. Retrieved July two, 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ German Film Constitute Archived February nine, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
Further reading [edit]
- Schleh, Eugene P. "All Quiet on the Western Front: A History Instructor's Reappraisal". Film & History 8.4 (1978): 66-69.
- Schleh, Eugene P. "Books About Film and War". Motion-picture show & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Motion picture and Television Studies 8.one (1978): 11-fourteen.
- Kelly, Andrew. All Tranquility on the Western Front: The Story of a Moving-picture show (1988).
- Chambers, John Whiteclay. "All Quiet on the Western Front (1930): the antiwar film and the image of the Commencement World War". Historical journal of picture show, radio and goggle box fourteen.iv (1994): 377-411.
- Wills, Gary. "All Placidity on the Western Front" (1998). National Pic Registry.
- Tibbetts, John C., and James M. Welsh, eds. The Encyclopedia of Novels Into Motion-picture show (second ed. 2005): 14-fifteen.
- Eagan, Daniel. "All Quiet on the Western Front". America'due south Film Legacy: The Administrative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry (2010): 168-169 ISBN 0826429777 [1].
External links [edit]
- All Quiet on the Western Front at IMDb
- All Quiet on the Western Front at AllMovie
- All Quiet on the Western Forepart at the TCM Movie Database
- All Tranquility on the Western Front at the American Movie Plant Catalog
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(1930_film)
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